考试知识点35 强调句
高考考试频度：★★★★☆
强调句常识结构：
强调句型 | 注意点 | 例 句 | |
It is + 被强调部分+that… | 为了强调句子的某一成分（一般是主语、宾语或状语），常用强调结构：It is +被强调部分+that…； 表示强调的it在这种结构的句子中作主句的主语，it本身没词义。 一般讲，原句的谓语动词若是目前或以后各种时态，用It is…that …；假如原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用It was… that…。 | 原句：Last night I saw a film in the Youth Palace. 强调主语：It was I that saw a film in the Youth Palace last night. 强调宾语：It was a film that I saw in the Youth Palace last night. 强调地址状语：It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night. 强调时间状语：It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth Palace. | |
谓语动词的强调 | It is/ was … that …结构不可以强调谓语，假如需要强调谓语时，要用助动词do/does或did。 注意： ①do用于对一定的祈使句的强调与对实义动词一般目前时一定句（除主语是第三人称单数）的强调； ②does用于对实义动词一般目前时一定句主语是第三人称单数的强调； ③did用于对实义动词一般过去时一定句的强调。 | ①Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！ They do work hard at maths. 他们对数学的学习确实非常努力。 ②He does send an email to me every day. 他确实天天都给我发邮件。 ③He did do his homework yesterday. 昨天他确实做了家庭作业。 | |
It is +被强调部分+that…句型的变式 | |||
It is + 被强调部分+that… | 句式基本特点： Is/ Was it +被强调部分+ that…； 或情态动词+it+ be+被强调部分+ that… | ①Was it in 1969 ________ the American astronauts succeeded _______ landing on the moon ? A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in __________ ②Could it be in the restaurant in ______ you had dinner with me yesterday ______ you lost your handbag? A. that; which __________ C. where; that D. that; where | |
特殊疑问句形式 | 句式基本特点：特殊疑问词+is/was it that…？或特殊疑问词+情态动词+it+be++被强调部分+ that… | —_______is it _______has made Peter _______he is today? —Determination. A. What; that; that B. That; that; what C. What; what; that __________ | |
反意疑问句形式 | 句式基本特点：It is/was+被强调部 | It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital, ______? A. do they B. didn’t they __________ D. was it | |
强调句与其它句型的结合 | 与名词从句的结合句式特点为：整个强调句型用作名词性从句或者在强调句型中含有名词性从句。 | ①I’ve already forgotten _________you put the dictionary. A. that it was there B. where was it that C. that where it was D. where it was that 【分析】D。本题是经过变形的强调句型用作宾语从句的体现，为了更好地理解，大家分三步对其进行讨论。 第一步：复原→It was __________ that I put the dictionary. 第二步：对划线部分提问→Where was it that you put the dictionary? 第三步：变为陈述语序，将它用作forgotten的宾语从句则变为：I’ve already forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary. ②It was at the very beginning ____Mr. Fox made the decision _____ we should send more firefighters there. A. when; which B. where; what C. then; so D. that; that 【分析】D。 第一个that为强调句型中的that；第二个that引导同位语从句，说明the decision的内容。 | |
与定语从句的结合句式特点为：在强调句型的被强调部分或其他部分中找出一个先行词，附上修饰该部分的定语从句。 | ①It was in the small house _____was built with stones by his father ____he spent his childhood. A. which; that B. that; where C. which; which D. that; which 【分析】A。本题含义为＂是在这间小房屋里他度过了童年＂，the small house作先行词，其后的定语从句缺做主语的关系代词；第二空所缺的应是强调句型中的结构词that，故答案选A。 ②Is _______three hours ______the boy _______family is poor to come to school on foot? A. it; that; whose B. it; that it takes; whose C. it for; that it takes; whose D. it; when; that; 【分析】B。本题结构复杂，是定语从句、强调句型的一般问句形式和句式It takes sb. some time to do sth.的糅合。大家也分几步来看这个句子： 第一步：基本句式It takes the boy three hours to come to school on foot. 第二步：以the boy为先行词，后面附上定语从句，则变为： It takes the boy whose family is poor __________ to come to school on foot. 第三步：用强调句型对上句中的划线部分进行强调，则变为：It is three hours that it takes the boy whose family is poor to come to school on foot. 第四步：将上句变为一般疑问句可知答案。 | ||
强调句型的省略形式 | 句式特点为：在肯定的上下文中，强调句型的that及其后面的部分可以省略。作题时要特别注意将它复原并加以比较。 | ①—Who is making so much noise in the garden? —________ the children. A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are 【分析】答案为A。强调句型在具体的语境中的省略，其完整形式应是：It is the children who are making so much noise in the garden.。 ②—He was nearly drowned once. —When was that? —_______ was in 1998 __________he was in middle school. A. That; that B. it; when C. This; that D. It; that 【分析】B。强调句的一种省略，完整形式是：It was in 1998 when he was in middle school that he was nearly drowned. | |
分+that…，isn’t / wasn’t it？ 强调句型的构成是：It is + 被强调部分+ that + 句子的其他成分。被强调的部分放在 It is 之后，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语若是人，可以由who代替that。
1. 被强调的成分举例：
原句：Tom found my pen in the classroom yesterday.
强调主语：It was Tom who / that found my pen in the classroom yesterday.
强调宾语：It was my pen that Tom found in the classroom yesterday.
强调地址状语：It was in the classroom that Tom found my pen yesterday.
强调时间状语：It was yesterday that Tom found my pen in the classroom.
2. 强调句型的一般疑问式：
直接把is或was提到it之前即可。如：
Was it Tom that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?
3. 强调句型的特殊疑问式：
特殊疑问词+ is it + that +句子的其他成分。特殊疑问词即是被强调的成分。如：
Who was it that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?
4. that 有时可以省略：
这种强调句型中的that或who有时可以省略。如：
It was my brother you saw the other day.
5. 强调缘由状语从句应该注意：
若从句由as或since引导，强调时则改为because，这是由于，because引导是什么原因从句表示的意义很强烈，符合强调句的目的。比如：
As she got up late, she missed the first bus. 变为：
It was because she got up late that she missed the bus.
6. 强调句的否定转移：
有的否定句在变成强调句时，要把否定转移到被强调的词汇之前。特别是not... until...;句式的强调要特别注意。比如：
He didn’t realize his mistake until the teacher had told him. 变为：
It wasn’t until the teacher had told him that he realized his mistake.
【注意】 在强调句式中，虽然not被提前，但not... until...句型不要倒装。
高考考试中强调句型考查热门
考向一 强调句型的基本结构
强调句型It is / was + 被强调的成份 + that + 其他成份；用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成份。that只起连接用途，不作成份，但不可以省略。有时强调的部分比较特殊，如主语从句、状语从句、名词、不定式短语、V-ing的复合结构等。如：
It was in the library that I saw her yesterday. 我昨天正是在图书馆见到她的。
1.It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A. which B. that
C. when D. where
【答案】B
【分析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在大家房屋前停下来大家才看到在乘客地方的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分+ that/ who+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。
2.You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel __________ the coach picks up tourists.
A. who B. which C. where D. that
【答案】D
【分析】句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。本题考查强调句，强调句型结构是：It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分，假如强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强调的是地址状语at the hotel。故选D。
3. It was the culture, rather than the language, _________made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad
A. where B. why C. that D. what
【答案】C
【分析】这个句子中含有it was，第一要考虑所给题目是否一个强调句。把It was和横线去掉，发现句意仍然完整了解，所以说这里就是一个强调句。强调句的基本结构是it is / was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子的其他成分，所以用that，所以选C。句意：是文化，而不是语言，使得他非常难适应海外的新的环境。
考向二 特殊句式中的强调句型
1. 假如强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词，表示到底、到底等语气时，就用如下结构：
特殊疑问词 + is / was + it + that + 该句的其余部分。如：
How is it that you usually go to work? 你一般是如何去上班的?
2. 在强调not... until结构中由until所引导的短语作时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：It + is / was + not until... + that + 该句的其余部分，that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用一定式。如：
His father didn’t come back from work until 12o’clock. = It was not until 12 o’clock that his father came home form work.
直到12点他的父亲才下班回家。
1. Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century____ his musical gift was fully recognized.
A. while B. though C. that D. after
【答案】C
【分析】 句意：马赫死于1750年，但直到19世纪他的音乐天分才被承认。强调句与not until 连用。It be not until that … 故选C项。
2.Was it because Jack came late for school ____________ Mr. Smith got angry?
A. why B. who C. where D. that
【答案】D
【分析】A为何；B哪个；C什么地方；D那个。通过翻译可知本句话意思完整，不缺少成分，由此判断该句是强调句型，被强调部分是because引导的状语从句，故答案选D。句意：是由于杰克上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的吗？
考向三 强调句型与时间状语从句、定语从句的判断
强调句型应该注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型有什么区别。试比较：
It was on March 1 that I had my hair cut.
It was March 1 when I had my hair cut.
判断是不是是强调句，可使用还原法。假如还原为一般句式后，句子各种成份完整，则是强调句。不然不是。如第一句可还原成：I had my hair cut on March 1.
题组一 能力过关
I. 单项填空
1. It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do______________________________makes life happy.
A. that B. which
C. what D. who
2. It was with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued.
A. who B. that
C．when D. how
3. It was only after he had read the papers ________ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
A. when B. that
C. which D. what
4. It was not until near the end of the letter ________ she mentioned her own plan.
A. that B. where
C. why D. when
6. It was ten o’clock _________ he came back home.
A. when B. that
C. since D. after
7. It was not until he came back _________ he knew the police were looking for him.
A. which B. since
C. that D. before
8. ＂Was it under the tree ________ you were away talking to a friend?＂ ＂Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone.
A. that B. where
C. which D. while
9. It’s more than half a century ________ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people.
A. when B. that
C. since D. while
10. It was lack of money, not of effort, _____ defeated their plan.
A. which B. as
C. that D. when
II．短文改错
假定英语课上老师需要同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者不计分。
When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. about one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
题组二 体验考试真题
1. （2016·天津卷·单项填空）It was when I got back to my apartment ___________ I first came across my new neighbors.
A. who B. where C. which D. that
2.（2016·上海卷·语法填空）But like so many other things, it is only too much stress _______ does you harm.
题组一 能力过关
I. 单项填空
1.A
【分析】考查强调句结构使用方法。强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分+ that/ who+ 其他部分。本题强调主语not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do。句意：是做大家喜欢做的事情，而不是喜欢大家不能不做的事情让生活幸福。故A正确。
2.B
【分析】考查强调句型。因为被强调的是with the help of the local guide，而并不是guide, 所以用that来连接。
3.B
【分析】考查强调句型。句意：只有在读了这类文件后，格罗斯先生才认识到他面临着的任务非常难完成。此句是对only引导的时间状语从句的强调。省略了it was…that之后，句子结构完整。
4.A
【分析】考查强调句型。依据固定句型it was not until … that… 直到……才，得出答案为that。句意：直到在信的结尾她才提到了她的计划。
6. A
【分析】when 表示＂当……的时候＂，句首的 it 表示时间，全句意为＂当他回到家时，时间是10点钟。＂
7. C
【分析】为 He didn’t know the police were looking for him until he came back 之强调形式。注意，not … until … 的强调句式一般为 It was not until … that … 的形式。
8.D
【分析】此题比较容易误选A，觉得这是强调句型。其实此题应选D。做好此题的重点是正确理解上下文的语境。在此句中，it 是代词，指代 the bike，句意为：＂当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候，你的自行车是在这树下吗?＂＂当然，但当我回来时，自行车就不见了。＂目前反过来剖析一下，假若选A，将此句判为强调句，句子即为 Was it under the tree that you were away talking to a friend
? 若进一步转换为非强调句，句子则为 Under the tree while you were talking to a friend，句意显然非常荒唐。
9.C
【分析】容易误选B，觉得这是强调句型。假若选B，将此句剖析为强调句，那样若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是My grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people more than half a century. 非常显然，句中的 more than half a century 是一段时间，然而它修饰的谓语动词 joined…became 却是两个终止性动词，这显然不适合。其实，此题应选C，是＂It is＋一段时间＋since 从句＂句型，句意为＂我爷爷加入党组织成为人民的公仆已有半个多世纪了＂。此句的主句谓语也可以用目前完成时态，但在口语中多用一般目前年代替。
10.C
【分析】容易误选A，受空格前逗号的影响，误觉得这是一个非限制性定语从句，从而误选了A。其实，此题最好答案为C，整个句子为强调句，被强调成分为 lack of money, not of effort。因为句中插入 not of effort 这一结构，干扰了很多同学对 it was lack of money that defeated their plan 这一强调句的认识和理解。
II．短文改错
【答案】
When I look at this picture of myself, I realize 
how fast time flies. I 
grown not only physically, 
also mentally in the past few years. about one month after this photo was 
, I entered my second year of high school and 
a new member of the school music club. Around me in 
picture are the things 
were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying 
kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the 
music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of 
high school days.
【答案分析】
第一处：删除realize后的of 考查介词。realize是及物动词，后面接宾语时无需介词。
第二处：had→have 考查动词时态。依据时间状语in the past few years判断用目前完成时。
第三处：and→but 考查连词。固定短语not only…but also…意为＂不但……而且……＂。
第四处：took→taken 考查动词。依据句意可知此处表示被动含义，故把took改为taken。
第五处：become→became 考查动词时态。依据and前面的动词entered判断该句应该用一般过去时。
第六处：在picture前加the/ this 考查限定词的使用方法。单数可数名词前应该有限定词，依据句意可知在picture前加the或者this。
第七处：they→that/which 考查定语从句。they不可以引导定语从句，先行词为things，定语从句中缺少主语，所以把they改为that或者which。
第八处：difference→different 考查形容词。修饰名词kinds应该用形容词形式。
第九处：late→latest 考查形容词最高级。依据句意可知此处指最新的音乐唱片，故把late改为latest。
第十处：your→my 考查代词。依据句意可知此处是我高中年代生活的美好回忆，故把your改为my。
题组二 体验考试真题
1.D
【分析】句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首次遇到了我的新邻居。本句中去掉It was 和空格，句意完整，所以本句是强调句型，强调的是时间状语，应用that。故选D。
2.that
【分析】考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为It is/was+被强调成分+that/who+其他成分；其最大的特征就是去掉it is/was...that/who...后句子仍然成立。应该注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以外的所有些句子成分。本句强调的是句子主语only too much stress。
